Integrating Affective–Spiritual Assessment in Education: Instrument Development and Implementation

Authors

  • Mira Novia Dewi Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
  • Masritawati Masritawati Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
  • Nurhayati Fatimah Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
  • Siti Asma Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58485/elrusyd.v10i2.447

Keywords:

Evaluation instruments, affective, spiritual

Abstract

Assessment functions as a method for evaluating students’ development after the learning process takes place. In the field of education, institutions need to design and develop assessment instruments that accurately measure affective–spiritual aspects so that learning objectives can be achieved optimally, considering that these aspects play an important role in determining an individual’s success. This study aims to describe the process of developing an affective–spiritual assessment instrument used in the learning process. The method employed is research and development (R&D), which consists of three main stages: observation, self-assessment, and attitude assessment. The results show that the presence of an affective-spiritual evaluation instrument is essential for shaping students’ behavior both within the school environment and in the wider community. The implications of this study indicate that developing appropriate assessment instruments can enhance the effectiveness of the educational process and support comprehensive character development among students.

References

Agee, J. (2009). Developing qualitative research questions: A reflective process. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 22(4), 431–447. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518390902736512

Agus, A., Juliadharma, M., & Djamaluddin, M. (2023). Application of the CIPP Model in Evaluation of The Inclusive Education Curriculum in Madrasah Aliyah. Nidhomul Haq : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.31538/ndh.v8i1.2705

Akyuni, Q., Engkizar, E., Alhadi, M., Syamer, S., Witri, N., Khairiyah, K., & Mulyawati, H. (2025). Indonesian International Student Mobility Awards Program: Chances and Challenges. Journal of International Affairs and Students Mobility, 1(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/https://jiasmy.intischolar.id/index.php/jiasmy/article/view/4

Anam, C., & Marlina, T. (2022). Implementasi Pendidikan Multikultural dalam Pembelajaran. Awwaliyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 5(1), 8–16. https://doi.org/10.58518/awwaliyah.v5i1.919

Andrews, K., Zimoch, M., Reichert, M., Tallon, M., Frick, U., & Pryss, R. (2018). A Smart Mobile Assessment Tool for Collecting Data in Large-Scale Educational Studies. Procedia Computer Science, 134(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.07.145

Anggraini, L., & Kusumawati, R. (2020). Assessment of affective domain in digital learning era. Journal of Teaching and Learning, 12(2), 155–168. https://doi.org/10.23917/jtl.v12i2.12515

Astini, N. K. S. (2022). Tantangan Implementasi Merdeka Belajar Pada Era New Normal Covid-19 Dan Era Society 5.0. Lampuhyang, 13(1), 164–180. https://doi.org/10.47730/jurnallampuhyang.v13i1.298

Baroud, N., Ardila, Y., Akmal, F., & Sabrina, R. (2025). Opportunities and Challenges for Islamic Education Teachers in Using Artificial Intelligence in Learning. Muaddib: Journal of Islamic Teaching and Learning, 1(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://muaddib.intischolar.id/index.php/muaddib/article/view/6

Biasutti, M., Antonini Philippe, R., & Schiavio, A. (2021). Assessing teachers’ perspectives on giving music lessons remotely during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Musicae Scientiae, 26(3), 585–603. https://doi.org/10.1177/1029864921996033

Choeri, I., & Fitriani, R. (2021). Implementasi Perma No 1 Tahun 2016 Tentang Mediasi Perkara Perceraian di PA Jepara. Isti`dal : Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam, 8(2), 220–243. https://doi.org/10.34001/istidal.v8i2.2713

Clarke, E., & Visser, J. (2019). Pragmatic research methodology in education: possibilities and pitfalls. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 42(5), 455–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2018.1524866

Dai, D. Y. (2020). Assessing and accessing high human potential: A brief history of giftedness and what it means to school psychologists. Psychology in the Schools, 57(10), 1514–1527. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22346

Elizabeth, M. B. S. & T. J. (2016). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. In The Jossey Bass Higher and Adult Education Series (Vol. 5, Issue 1). Jossey-Bass.

Engkizar, E., Jaafar, A., Alias, M., Guspita, B., & Albizar, R. (2025). Utilisation of Artificial Intelligence in Qur’anic Learning: Innovation or Threat? Journal of Quranic Teaching and Learning, 1(2), 1–17. https://joqer.intischolar.id/index.php/joqer/index

Engkizar, E., Jaafar, A., Sarianto, D., Ayad, N., Rahman, A., Febriani, A., Oktavia, G., Guspita, R., & Rahman, I. (2024). Analysis of Quran Education Problems in Majority Muslim Countries. International Journal of Islamic Studies Higher Education, 3(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/insight.v3i1.209

Engkizar, E., Jaafar, A., Taufan, M., Rahman, I., Oktavia, G., & Guspita, R. (2023). Quran Teacher: Future Profession or Devotion to the Ummah? International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research of Higher Education (IJMURHICA), 6(4), 196–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/ijmurhica.v6i4.321

Ferdiansyah, F., & Syafril, S. (2018). Integrating cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects in character education. Tarbiyah, 25(2), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.18592/tarbiyah.v25i2.2182

He, Q., Wu, M., Sun, P., Guo, J., Chen, L., Jiang, L., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Research on a Charging Mechanism of Electric Vehicles for Photovoltaic Nearby Consumption Strategy. Electronics (Switzerland), 11(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203407

Kassymova, G. K., Talgatov, Y. K., Arpentieva, M. R., Abishev, A. R., & Menshikov, P. V. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in the Development of the Theory and Practices of Self-Directed Learning. Multidisciplinary Journal of Thought and Research, 1(3), 66–79. https://mujoter.intischolar.id/index.php/mujoter/article/view/19

Khunaifi, A. Y., & Matlani, M. (2019). Analisis Kritis Undang-Undang Sisdiknas Nomor 20 Tahun 2003. Jurnal Ilmiah Iqra’, 13(2), 81. https://doi.org/10.30984/jii.v13i2.972

Kusumawati, T., & Prasetyo, Z. (2019). Validity and reliability in attitude assessment instruments. Proceedings of ICSE, 417–425. https://doi.org/10.2991/icse-19.2019.73

Mohammed, N. H., Salleh, S. M., Hamzah, S. F. M., & Yusof, H. S. M. (2023). Mediating Effect of Institutional Image on the Relationship between Student Satisfaction and Student Loyalty in Higher Learning Institutions Using the HEdPERF Model. Asian Journal of University Education, 19(1), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v19i1.21221

Munarun, A., Fatmawati, N. M., & Muthohar, S. (2025). Implementation of Multicultural Education for Students through Seven Values of Islamic History Education in Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic Studies Higher Education, 4(2), 109–124.

Mutiaramses, M., Alkhaira, S., Zuryanty, Z., & Kharisna, F. (2025). Seven Motivations for Students Choosing to Major in Elementary School Teacher Education in Higher Education. Multidisciplinary Journal of Thought and Research, 1(2), 23–37. https://mujoter.intischolar.id/index.php/mujoter/article/view/14

Neale, B. (2021). Qualitative longitudinal research : research methods. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=2660390

Neliwati, N., Pohan, H. L., & Rambe, F. F. (2024). Manajemen Kurikulum Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Era Digital. MODELING: Jurnal Program Studi PGMI, 11(2), 246–253. https://doi.org/10.69896/modeling.v11i2.2408

Ningsih, D., & Rasyid, H. (2023). Spiritual assessment in character-based learning. At-Tarbiyah, 36(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.23917/attarbiyah.v36i1.20156

Noushad, P. P. (2024). Taxonomies of Educational Objectives. In Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy (pp. 43–82). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-0440-1_2

Nuha, N. U., Faridi, A., & Tobroni, T. (2024). Implementation of the Context, Input, Process, Product Model in Evaluating Islamic Education Institutions. International Journal of Islamic Studies Higher Education, 3(3).

Owan, V. J., Abang, K. B., Idika, D. O., Etta, E. O., & Bassey, B. A. (2023). Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence tools in educational measurement and assessment. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(8), em2307. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13428

Pang(彭新强), N. S.-K. (2022). Teachers’ Reflective Practices in Implementing Assessment for Learning Skills in Classroom Teaching. ECNU Review of Education, 5(3), 470–490. https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531120936290

Putri, N., Noprianti, A., & Oktavia, G. (2025). The Qur’an as a Source of Solutions for the Global Moral Crisis. Journal of Quranic Teaching and Learning, 1(2), 90–105. https://joqer.intischolar.id/index.php/joqer

Rahman, F. A., Ulwi, K., & Aminudin, W. S. A. B. W. (2025). The Role of Islamic Education in Realizing in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 3). Muaddib: Journal of Islamic Teaching and Learning, 1(2), 12–23. https://doi.org/https://muaddib.intischolar.id/index.php/muaddib/article/view/7

Rahmawati, D. (2021). Evaluation instrument quality in character education. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 518, 288–295. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210305.061

Ramadhani, N. (2021). The role of self-assessment on academic honesty. EAI Proceedings, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-3-2021.2306478

Rambe, K. F., Hadi, P. A., & Dewi, C. (2025). Distortion of Quranic Interpretation on Social Media : An Analysis of the Spread of Misleading Meanings. Journal of Quranic Teaching and Learning, 1(2), 121–138. https://joqer.intischolar.id/index.php/joqer/article/view/8

Reis, S. M., & Renzulli, J. S. (2004). Current research on the social and emotional development of gifted and talented students: Good news and future possibilities. Psychology in the Schools, 41(1), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.10144

Sachin, D. (2021). Theoretical Basis for Evolving Taxonomy of the Affective Domain. I-Manager’s Journal on Educational Psychology, 15(2), 10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jpsy.15.2.17982

Sales, L. F., & Sayão, L. F. (2022). Proposal for a model of research data management service. AtoZ, 11. https://doi.org/10.5380/atoz.v11i0.85765

Sangadji, H. (2024). Aplikasi Tiktok Terhadap Perilaku dan Karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar. PrimEarly : Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dasar Dan Anak Usia Dini, 7(2), 325–332. https://doi.org/10.37567/primearly.v7i2.3386

Sari, N., & Mulyana, E. (2020). Structured spiritual assessment in Islamic schools. Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 221–235. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v9i2.6669

Shavelson, R. J., Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, O., Beck, K., Schmidt, S., & Marino, J. P. (2019). Assessment of University Students’ Critical Thinking: Next Generation Performance Assessment. International Journal of Testing, 19(4), 337–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2018.1543309

Siahaya, A., Tuhuteru, A., Panggabean, E. C., & Ambarita, J. (2024). Evaluation of Competency Achievement Levels of Lecturers at State Christian Religious Universities. EDUKASI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama Dan Keagamaan, 22(3), 439–462. https://doi.org/10.32729/edukasi.v22i3.1859

Singh, B. (2019). Character education in the 21st century. Journal of Social Studies (JSS), 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21831/jss.v15i1.25226

Skrzypińska, K. (2021). Does Spiritual Intelligence (SI) Exist? A Theoretical Investigation of a Tool Useful for Finding the Meaning of Life. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(1), 500–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01005-8

Supriyanto, S., Budi Wibowo, M. K., & Baehaqi, B. (2024). Efektifitas Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan di Kantor Urusan Agama Kecamatan Bendosari Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Tasyri’ : Journal of Islamic Law, 3(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.53038/tsyr.v3i1.105

Tayibnapis, F. (2020). Educational evaluation for continuous improvement. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 478, 102–110. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200803.089

Toni, M., & Sudin, M. (2024). Research and Development (R&D) Interactive Media That is Effective, Efficient and Fun for Students. Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, 2(6), 1239–1252. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v2i6.250

Ummah, A. K., Kakoh, N. A., Mahmudi, M. B., Wardani, A. Z., & Ummah, A. K. (2025). Efforts of Dormitory Supervisors in Overcoming Problems in the Quran Memorization Dormitory. Journal of Theory and Research Memorization Quran, 1(1), 1–14. https://joesmiq.intischolar.id/index.php/joesmiq/article/view/52

Wartoyo, F. X. (2022). Menakar Korelatifitas Merdeka Belajar Dengan Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 dan Pancasila. Widya Pranata Hukum : Jurnal Kajian Dan Penelitian Hukum, 4(2), 140–153. https://doi.org/10.37631/widyapranata.v4i2.682

Yaumas, N. E., Yemmardotillah, Y., Sari, M., Nisa, F. K., Mulyawati, H., & Nasir, A. A. B. A. (2023). Student Assessment of the Personality Competence and Social Competence of Islamic Religious Education Teachers. International Journal of Islamic Studies Higher Education, 2(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.24036/insight.v2i1.105

Downloads

Published

2025-12-07

How to Cite

Dewi, M. N., Masritawati, M., Fatimah, N., & Asma, S. (2025). Integrating Affective–Spiritual Assessment in Education: Instrument Development and Implementation. El-Rusyd, 10(2), 118–125. https://doi.org/10.58485/elrusyd.v10i2.447

Issue

Section

Articles