Integrating Affective–Spiritual Assessment in Education: Instrument Development and Implementation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58485/elrusyd.v10i2.447Keywords:
Evaluation instruments, affective, spiritualAbstract
Assessment functions as a method for evaluating students’ development after the learning process takes place. In the field of education, institutions need to design and develop assessment instruments that accurately measure affective–spiritual aspects so that learning objectives can be achieved optimally, considering that these aspects play an important role in determining an individual’s success. This study aims to describe the process of developing an affective–spiritual assessment instrument used in the learning process. The method employed is research and development (R&D), which consists of three main stages: observation, self-assessment, and attitude assessment. The results show that the presence of an affective-spiritual evaluation instrument is essential for shaping students’ behavior both within the school environment and in the wider community. The implications of this study indicate that developing appropriate assessment instruments can enhance the effectiveness of the educational process and support comprehensive character development among students.
References
Agee, J. (2009). Developing qualitative research questions: A reflective process. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 22(4), 431–447. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518390902736512
Agus, A., Juliadharma, M., & Djamaluddin, M. (2023). Application of the CIPP Model in Evaluation of The Inclusive Education Curriculum in Madrasah Aliyah. Nidhomul Haq : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.31538/ndh.v8i1.2705
Akyuni, Q., Engkizar, E., Alhadi, M., Syamer, S., Witri, N., Khairiyah, K., & Mulyawati, H. (2025). Indonesian International Student Mobility Awards Program: Chances and Challenges. Journal of International Affairs and Students Mobility, 1(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/https://jiasmy.intischolar.id/index.php/jiasmy/article/view/4
Anam, C., & Marlina, T. (2022). Implementasi Pendidikan Multikultural dalam Pembelajaran. Awwaliyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 5(1), 8–16. https://doi.org/10.58518/awwaliyah.v5i1.919
Andrews, K., Zimoch, M., Reichert, M., Tallon, M., Frick, U., & Pryss, R. (2018). A Smart Mobile Assessment Tool for Collecting Data in Large-Scale Educational Studies. Procedia Computer Science, 134(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.07.145
Anggraini, L., & Kusumawati, R. (2020). Assessment of affective domain in digital learning era. Journal of Teaching and Learning, 12(2), 155–168. https://doi.org/10.23917/jtl.v12i2.12515
Astini, N. K. S. (2022). Tantangan Implementasi Merdeka Belajar Pada Era New Normal Covid-19 Dan Era Society 5.0. Lampuhyang, 13(1), 164–180. https://doi.org/10.47730/jurnallampuhyang.v13i1.298
Baroud, N., Ardila, Y., Akmal, F., & Sabrina, R. (2025). Opportunities and Challenges for Islamic Education Teachers in Using Artificial Intelligence in Learning. Muaddib: Journal of Islamic Teaching and Learning, 1(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://muaddib.intischolar.id/index.php/muaddib/article/view/6
Biasutti, M., Antonini Philippe, R., & Schiavio, A. (2021). Assessing teachers’ perspectives on giving music lessons remotely during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Musicae Scientiae, 26(3), 585–603. https://doi.org/10.1177/1029864921996033
Choeri, I., & Fitriani, R. (2021). Implementasi Perma No 1 Tahun 2016 Tentang Mediasi Perkara Perceraian di PA Jepara. Isti`dal : Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam, 8(2), 220–243. https://doi.org/10.34001/istidal.v8i2.2713
Clarke, E., & Visser, J. (2019). Pragmatic research methodology in education: possibilities and pitfalls. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 42(5), 455–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2018.1524866
Dai, D. Y. (2020). Assessing and accessing high human potential: A brief history of giftedness and what it means to school psychologists. Psychology in the Schools, 57(10), 1514–1527. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22346
Elizabeth, M. B. S. & T. J. (2016). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. In The Jossey Bass Higher and Adult Education Series (Vol. 5, Issue 1). Jossey-Bass.
Engkizar, E., Jaafar, A., Alias, M., Guspita, B., & Albizar, R. (2025). Utilisation of Artificial Intelligence in Qur’anic Learning: Innovation or Threat? Journal of Quranic Teaching and Learning, 1(2), 1–17. https://joqer.intischolar.id/index.php/joqer/index
Engkizar, E., Jaafar, A., Sarianto, D., Ayad, N., Rahman, A., Febriani, A., Oktavia, G., Guspita, R., & Rahman, I. (2024). Analysis of Quran Education Problems in Majority Muslim Countries. International Journal of Islamic Studies Higher Education, 3(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/insight.v3i1.209
Engkizar, E., Jaafar, A., Taufan, M., Rahman, I., Oktavia, G., & Guspita, R. (2023). Quran Teacher: Future Profession or Devotion to the Ummah? International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research of Higher Education (IJMURHICA), 6(4), 196–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/ijmurhica.v6i4.321
Ferdiansyah, F., & Syafril, S. (2018). Integrating cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects in character education. Tarbiyah, 25(2), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.18592/tarbiyah.v25i2.2182
He, Q., Wu, M., Sun, P., Guo, J., Chen, L., Jiang, L., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Research on a Charging Mechanism of Electric Vehicles for Photovoltaic Nearby Consumption Strategy. Electronics (Switzerland), 11(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203407
Kassymova, G. K., Talgatov, Y. K., Arpentieva, M. R., Abishev, A. R., & Menshikov, P. V. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in the Development of the Theory and Practices of Self-Directed Learning. Multidisciplinary Journal of Thought and Research, 1(3), 66–79. https://mujoter.intischolar.id/index.php/mujoter/article/view/19
Khunaifi, A. Y., & Matlani, M. (2019). Analisis Kritis Undang-Undang Sisdiknas Nomor 20 Tahun 2003. Jurnal Ilmiah Iqra’, 13(2), 81. https://doi.org/10.30984/jii.v13i2.972
Kusumawati, T., & Prasetyo, Z. (2019). Validity and reliability in attitude assessment instruments. Proceedings of ICSE, 417–425. https://doi.org/10.2991/icse-19.2019.73
Mohammed, N. H., Salleh, S. M., Hamzah, S. F. M., & Yusof, H. S. M. (2023). Mediating Effect of Institutional Image on the Relationship between Student Satisfaction and Student Loyalty in Higher Learning Institutions Using the HEdPERF Model. Asian Journal of University Education, 19(1), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v19i1.21221
Munarun, A., Fatmawati, N. M., & Muthohar, S. (2025). Implementation of Multicultural Education for Students through Seven Values of Islamic History Education in Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic Studies Higher Education, 4(2), 109–124.
Mutiaramses, M., Alkhaira, S., Zuryanty, Z., & Kharisna, F. (2025). Seven Motivations for Students Choosing to Major in Elementary School Teacher Education in Higher Education. Multidisciplinary Journal of Thought and Research, 1(2), 23–37. https://mujoter.intischolar.id/index.php/mujoter/article/view/14
Neale, B. (2021). Qualitative longitudinal research : research methods. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=2660390
Neliwati, N., Pohan, H. L., & Rambe, F. F. (2024). Manajemen Kurikulum Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Era Digital. MODELING: Jurnal Program Studi PGMI, 11(2), 246–253. https://doi.org/10.69896/modeling.v11i2.2408
Ningsih, D., & Rasyid, H. (2023). Spiritual assessment in character-based learning. At-Tarbiyah, 36(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.23917/attarbiyah.v36i1.20156
Noushad, P. P. (2024). Taxonomies of Educational Objectives. In Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy (pp. 43–82). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-0440-1_2
Nuha, N. U., Faridi, A., & Tobroni, T. (2024). Implementation of the Context, Input, Process, Product Model in Evaluating Islamic Education Institutions. International Journal of Islamic Studies Higher Education, 3(3).
Owan, V. J., Abang, K. B., Idika, D. O., Etta, E. O., & Bassey, B. A. (2023). Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence tools in educational measurement and assessment. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(8), em2307. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13428
Pang(彭新强), N. S.-K. (2022). Teachers’ Reflective Practices in Implementing Assessment for Learning Skills in Classroom Teaching. ECNU Review of Education, 5(3), 470–490. https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531120936290
Putri, N., Noprianti, A., & Oktavia, G. (2025). The Qur’an as a Source of Solutions for the Global Moral Crisis. Journal of Quranic Teaching and Learning, 1(2), 90–105. https://joqer.intischolar.id/index.php/joqer
Rahman, F. A., Ulwi, K., & Aminudin, W. S. A. B. W. (2025). The Role of Islamic Education in Realizing in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 3). Muaddib: Journal of Islamic Teaching and Learning, 1(2), 12–23. https://doi.org/https://muaddib.intischolar.id/index.php/muaddib/article/view/7
Rahmawati, D. (2021). Evaluation instrument quality in character education. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 518, 288–295. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210305.061
Ramadhani, N. (2021). The role of self-assessment on academic honesty. EAI Proceedings, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-3-2021.2306478
Rambe, K. F., Hadi, P. A., & Dewi, C. (2025). Distortion of Quranic Interpretation on Social Media : An Analysis of the Spread of Misleading Meanings. Journal of Quranic Teaching and Learning, 1(2), 121–138. https://joqer.intischolar.id/index.php/joqer/article/view/8
Reis, S. M., & Renzulli, J. S. (2004). Current research on the social and emotional development of gifted and talented students: Good news and future possibilities. Psychology in the Schools, 41(1), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.10144
Sachin, D. (2021). Theoretical Basis for Evolving Taxonomy of the Affective Domain. I-Manager’s Journal on Educational Psychology, 15(2), 10. https://doi.org/10.26634/jpsy.15.2.17982
Sales, L. F., & Sayão, L. F. (2022). Proposal for a model of research data management service. AtoZ, 11. https://doi.org/10.5380/atoz.v11i0.85765
Sangadji, H. (2024). Aplikasi Tiktok Terhadap Perilaku dan Karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar. PrimEarly : Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dasar Dan Anak Usia Dini, 7(2), 325–332. https://doi.org/10.37567/primearly.v7i2.3386
Sari, N., & Mulyana, E. (2020). Structured spiritual assessment in Islamic schools. Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 221–235. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v9i2.6669
Shavelson, R. J., Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, O., Beck, K., Schmidt, S., & Marino, J. P. (2019). Assessment of University Students’ Critical Thinking: Next Generation Performance Assessment. International Journal of Testing, 19(4), 337–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2018.1543309
Siahaya, A., Tuhuteru, A., Panggabean, E. C., & Ambarita, J. (2024). Evaluation of Competency Achievement Levels of Lecturers at State Christian Religious Universities. EDUKASI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama Dan Keagamaan, 22(3), 439–462. https://doi.org/10.32729/edukasi.v22i3.1859
Singh, B. (2019). Character education in the 21st century. Journal of Social Studies (JSS), 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21831/jss.v15i1.25226
Skrzypińska, K. (2021). Does Spiritual Intelligence (SI) Exist? A Theoretical Investigation of a Tool Useful for Finding the Meaning of Life. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(1), 500–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01005-8
Supriyanto, S., Budi Wibowo, M. K., & Baehaqi, B. (2024). Efektifitas Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan di Kantor Urusan Agama Kecamatan Bendosari Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Tasyri’ : Journal of Islamic Law, 3(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.53038/tsyr.v3i1.105
Tayibnapis, F. (2020). Educational evaluation for continuous improvement. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 478, 102–110. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200803.089
Toni, M., & Sudin, M. (2024). Research and Development (R&D) Interactive Media That is Effective, Efficient and Fun for Students. Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, 2(6), 1239–1252. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v2i6.250
Ummah, A. K., Kakoh, N. A., Mahmudi, M. B., Wardani, A. Z., & Ummah, A. K. (2025). Efforts of Dormitory Supervisors in Overcoming Problems in the Quran Memorization Dormitory. Journal of Theory and Research Memorization Quran, 1(1), 1–14. https://joesmiq.intischolar.id/index.php/joesmiq/article/view/52
Wartoyo, F. X. (2022). Menakar Korelatifitas Merdeka Belajar Dengan Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 dan Pancasila. Widya Pranata Hukum : Jurnal Kajian Dan Penelitian Hukum, 4(2), 140–153. https://doi.org/10.37631/widyapranata.v4i2.682
Yaumas, N. E., Yemmardotillah, Y., Sari, M., Nisa, F. K., Mulyawati, H., & Nasir, A. A. B. A. (2023). Student Assessment of the Personality Competence and Social Competence of Islamic Religious Education Teachers. International Journal of Islamic Studies Higher Education, 2(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.24036/insight.v2i1.105








