Needs Analysis for the Development of Video-Based Learning Media for Arabic Speaking Instruction at the Madrasah Aliyah

Abstract

Speaking proficiency (maharah al-kalam) is an important competency in Arabic language learning because it is closely related to students’ ability to use the language orally in communicative contexts. However, maharah al-kalam instruction continues to face limitations in providing learning media that support contextual, interactive, and sustained speaking practice. This study aims to analyze the needs for developing video-based learning media as an initial foundation for developing media for maharah al-kalam instruction at the Madrasah Aliyah level. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design positioned as a preliminary study in the initial stage of research and development. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews with teachers and students, and documentation. Data trustworthiness was established through technique and source triangulation, while the data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings indicate that maharah al-kalam instruction relies predominantly on textbooks, whiteboards, worksheets, and basic presentations, while the use of video remains limited. This condition limits students’ opportunities to obtain contextual models of Arabic communication and engage in repeated speaking practice. Teachers and students need learning media that integrate visual, auditory, textual, and communicative contextual elements and provide activities involving imitation, repetition, dialogue completion, oral questioning, and simulation. These findings indicate that user needs should be a central consideration in designing video-based media for maharah al-kalam. This study provides an empirical foundation for the subsequent design and development of learning media.